|
In total, 43 individuals in the military of allies of Nazi Germany were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: ''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes''), the highest award in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II. Eight of these men were also honoured with the next higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross (German: ''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub''), and one senior naval officer, Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, was additionally awarded the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves (German: ''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern''). Among the recipients were eighteen Romanians, nine Italians, eight Hungarians, two Slovaks, two Japanese, two Spaniards, two Finns, and one Belgian. Colonel General Dezső László of Hungary became the last foreign recipient of the award on 3 March 1945. The last surviving foreign recipient of the award was Belgian politician Léon Degrelle, who died on 31 March 1994, fifty years after receiving the medal from Hitler's hands. ==Background== The ''Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the military branches, ''Heer'' (Army), ''Kriegsmarine'' (Navy), ''Luftwaffe'' (Air force) and for the ''Waffen-SS''. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade. Once the four lists of the Knight's Cross recipients were merged into one listing, the chronological order was abandoned and the list was converted to an alphabetical list of recipients. Foreign recipients were never integrated into this list. The ''Wehrmacht'' also refrained from assigning a numbering scheme to the different lists of foreign recipients. Two principles were retained: the foreign Knights Cross recipients were ordered alphabetically and the recipients of the higher grades were ordered chronologically.〔Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.〕 The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment ''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573'' of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (''Eisernes Kreuz'') and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.〔 〕 As the war progressed, some of the recipients distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Oak Leaves to Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment ''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849'' of 3 June 1940. In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment ''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613'' of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten''), based on the enactment ''Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11'' of 29 December 1944, concluded the variants of the Knight's Cross. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|